Mumakore, Vashandisi veLinux vane makadhi emifananidzo eAMD Radeon Vakasangana nedambudziko guru: hardware neTV zvaive zvakagadzirira kushandisa HDMI 2.1, asi system yacho yaive yakabatana nemiganhu yeHDMI 2.0. Chero ani zvake aibatanidza Linux PC yake neTV yemazuva ano ye4K kuburikidza neHDMI akaona kuti, muchokwadi, bandwidth iripo yakanga isina kukwana kubata zvese zvaivimbiswa nekadhi remifananidzo.
Mamiriro ezvinhu aya ari kutanga kuchinja zvakanyanya. AMD yatumira Seti yekutanga yemachira emutyairi we AMDGPU akavhurika iyo inopa rutsigiro rweHDMI FRL (Fixed Rate Link), iyo nzira yekutumira inoita kuti bandwidth leap yeHDMI 2.1 ibudirire. Haisati yakwana, asi ndiyo nguva yekuchinja iyo nharaunda yanga yakamirira kwemakore, ichikanganisa zvakananga michina yepamba.
Kubva pakuvharira kweHDMI Forum kusvika pakuvhurwa kwestandard muLinux
Dambudziko guru rakanga risiri rehunyanzvi, asi raiva nechekuita nemarezinesi. HDMI Forum yagara ichirambidza kushandiswa kwemakore Kushandiswa kweHDMI 2.1 kwakasununguka zvizere mumadhiraivha e-open-source. Kuti chinhu chivepo muLinux kernel, kodhi yacho inofanira kuve pachena, uye izvi zvaipesana zvakananga nezvinodiwa zvekuchengetedza zvakavanzika zvesangano rinotarisira HDMI standard.
AMD yakanga yaedza kwenguva yakareba kutsvaga nzira yekugadzirisa dambudziko iri: kuburitsa nzira yaizoita kuti HDMI 2.1 ishande pasina kuburitsa ruzivo rwunofungidzirwa kuti rwakakosha neHDMI Forum. Muna Kukadzi 2024, kutaura chokwadi, forum iyi yakasvika pa kuramba zviri pamutemo chikumbiro kubva kuAMD kusunungura mutyairi ane rutsigiro rwakazara rweHDMI 2.1 paLinux, izvo zvakashora makadhi eRadeon ari pasystem iyi kuti arambe ari pabandwidth yeHDMI 2.0.
Kuvharirwa ikoko kwakaisa miganhu chaiyo: 4K pa120Hz, 8K pa60Hz, Full HDR Kugadzirisa mavara asina kuchekwa kwaingoshanda chete uchishandisa DisplayPort kana nekuisa Windows zvakananga. Mudzimba zhinji, uko kubatanidza PC yekamuri rekutandarira kuTV kuburikidza neHDMI kuri chinhu chakajairika, mhedzisiro yacho yaive pachena: waifanira kurasikirwa nehunhu hwemufananidzo kana mwero wepamusoro wekugadziridza kunyangwe TV nekadhi remifananidzo zvaienderana zvizere neHDMI 2.1.
Mamiriro ezvinhu anotanga kuchinja nekusvika kwemapechi matsva akatumirwa nemainjiniya eAMD kumutyairi weAMDGPU. Chinhu chitsva chikuru ndechekubatanidzwa kweHDMI FRL mu kernel driver, danho iro HDMI Forum yakatokwanisa kuongororwa kuti itevedze mitemo pasina, zviri pachena, kutyora zvinodiwa zvayo zvekuchengetedza zvakavanzika. Ndiyo danho rekutanga repamutemo rinovhura mukana wekushandisa HDMI 2.1 yepakutanga paLinux pasina kuvimba nemhinduro dzemunhu.
Chii chinopa HDMI FRL uye nei iriyo chikamu chikuru cheHDMI 2.1?
Pfungwa huru yekufambira mberi uku iFRL, chidimbu che "FRL" Chinongedzo cheMutengo Wakagadziriswa, nzira itsva yekubatanidza HDMI 2.1 inotanga kutsiva TMDS yekare yakagara nhaka kubva kuHDMI 2.0. Kusvika pari zvino, kubatana kweHDMI neAMD GPUs paLinux kwakamanikidzwa kushandisa iyo link yekare, nedanho rebandwidth risina kukwana zvinodiwa pari zvino zvemitambo uye mavhidhiyo epamusoro.
NeFRL, HDMI 2.1 inokwanisa Wedzera bandwidth kusvika ku48 Gbps Kana tambo dzeUltra High Speed ​​​​dzakabvumidzwa dzichishandiswa, nhamba iyi ndiyo inobvumira, mukuita, kutumira chiratidzo che4K pa120 Hz ukuwo HDR ichiramba ichishanda, ichideredza kuverengerwa kwemavara, uye ichigadzira nzira yekuwedzera kusimba uye mitengo yekuvandudza pazviratidziro zvehunyanzvi.
Mapenji anoburitswa neAMD anowedzera iyi FRL mode kune AMDGPU driver yakabatanidzwa mu kernel. Zvichienderana nemagwaro akapihwa, Kuitwa kwacho kwatopasa chikamu chinomiririra bvunzo idzi zvinoenderana neHDMI Forum pachayo, kunyangwe kusimbiswa kwakazara kuchiripo kuti ionekwe seyakatenderwa zvizere.
Zvakakosha kujekesa, zvisinei, nezve zviri kutaurwa muchikamu chekutanga ichi uye zvisingataurwi. Mukutumira kwekutanga uku Zvinhu zvakaita seDisplay Stream Compression (DSC) uye Variable Refresh Rate (VRR) hazvisati zvabatanidzwa.DSC yakakosha pakubatanidza resolutions dzakakwirira kwazvo ne ambient refresh rates pasina kugutsa link yacho, uye VRR inokosha pakubatanidza refresh rate yepaneru nema GPU's frames, zvichideredza kubvaruka nekukakama. Zvese izvi zvichiri kuyedzwa uye zvinotarisirwa mukuvandudzwa kwepatch kunotevera.
Zvisinei, kutamira kuFRL kwatova nemigumisiro inoshanda. Chiri kuvhurwa izvozvi kutakurwa kwedata nekukurumidza kuburikidza neHDMI 2.1, iyo ndiyo chaiyo yaidzivisa avo vaiedza kuwana zvakanyanya kubva kumaTV e120Hz 4K kana mamonita emhando yepamusoro paLinux. Kunyangwe zvimwe zvikamu zve standard zvichiri kushaikwa, hwaro hwekushandisa zviri nani ma display aya hwatova mukati me AMD's open-source ecosystem.
Valve, SteamOS uye kumanikidzwa kuunza HDMI 2.1 muimba yekutandarira
Pamwe chete nebasa reAMD, masosi akati wandei anoratidza kuti vharafu yakaita basa guru Mukuchinja uku, kambani iri kuseri kweSteam, Steam Deck, uye SteamOS yagara ichikurudzira kuti Linux ecosystem ikwikwidzane zvakananga neWindows nemaconsoles kana zvasvika pakubatanidza TV yemukamuri rekutandarira.
Maererano nemishumo yakasiyana-siyana, Valve yave kudzvanya zvinyoro nyoro HDMI Forum ne AMD Kugadzirisa mamiriro aya, kune mudziyo wekamuri yekutandarira, HDMI 2.1 inonyanya kukosha pane DisplayPort, uye kusakwanisa kuiisa nemazvo kwakaisa SteamOS panjodzi kana tichienzanisa nemaPC madiki eWindows kana maconsoles echizvarwa chinotevera.
Kambani iyi yakaratidzawo kufarira mu kuvhura kushandiswa sezvinobvira kweHDMI standardIzvi zvinodaro nekuti ecosystem yayo inoshandisa AMD hardware uye Linux-based operating system. Panguva imwe chete, vagadziri venharaunda vakaburitsa maedzo ekushandisa achiratidza kuti zvaikwanisika kupa rutsigiro rwepamusoro rweHDMI 2.1 pasina kutyora misimboti yesoftware yemahara.
Zvese izvi zvakakonzera kuti pave nemapetch akawanda aripo. Kana AMD ikakwanisa kuvhara rutsigiro rwakazara—kusanganisira DSC neVRR—, zvishandiso zvakaita seSteam Machine kana Steam Deck 2 yeramangwana yakabatana neTV Vanogona kushandisa HDMI 2.1 vasina kuchinja hardware, kuburikidza nekuvandudza software, madhiraivha, uye kusimbiswa. Chinhu chinogumira ipapo imhaka yekumhanya iyo kernel inobatanidza uye inodzikamisa maficha aya.
Zvipingamupinyi zvenhoroondo zvemakadhi eRadeon emifananidzo paLinux kuburikidza neHDMI
Kusvika shanduko idzi dzatanga kushanda, ruzivo rwevashandisi vazhinji rwaive pachena: Hazvina basa kuti Radeon yaive nesimba rakadii kana kuti TV yaive yakakwira sei.Kana waishandisa HDMI paLinux, kuwana 4K pa120Hz kana kutofunga nezve8K kwaisava nyore. Sarudzo chete yaive yekubvuma kuti dhisiki iwane refresh rate yakaderera kana kushandisa DisplayPort pese painotsigirwa nemonitor.
Kune avo vanoshandisa Linux senzira yavo huru yekushandisa, izvi zvaive zvisina kunaka kana tichienzanisa neWindows. Kubatanidza AMD GPU kuTV yepamusoro-soro muWindows uye kuwedzera kugona kwayo kwaive nyore; muLinux, kune rumwe rutivi, mushandisi akasangana nedambudziko remarezenisi uye kushaya rutsigiro rwepamutemo rweHDMI 2.1 mumadhiraivha akavhurika.
Nerutsigiro rweFRL rwuri kuuya kuAMDGPU, Mukana iwoyo neWindows uri kuderera zvinooneka.Hazvichazove zvinosungirwa kushandisa DisplayPort kuti uwane zvakawanda kubva pachiratidziro, kana kurega kushandisa ruzivo rushoma paunenge uchishandisa HDMI muLinux, chero bedzi kernel nekugoverwa zvichibatanidza madhiraivha akakodzera.
Mhedzisiro pavatambi veLinux
Mukushandiswa kwezuva nezuva, vanotanga kuona shanduko iyi ndivo vashandisi vanosanganisa Makadhi emifananidzo eAMD Radeon, Linux, uye zviratidziro zvemazuva ano zvakabatana kuburikidza neHDMIKusvika pari zvino, kuti unakirwe ne4K ine mwero wepamusoro wekugadziridza mifananidzo uye mhando yemifananidzo yakanaka, zvaive zvakafanira kushandisa Windows kana monitor ine DisplayPort inotsigirwa zvizere.
Mudzimba, uko zvakajairika kuti komputa yedesktop kana komputa diki iiswe padivi peterevhizheni, Kushandisa HDMI 2.1 kwakakosha pakutamba mitambo muimba yekutandariraNekushandisa FRL pa open driver, magadzirirwo aya achakwanisa kushandisa 4K pa 120 Hz ne active HDR uye mavara mashoma, chero bedzi TV ne tambo zvichitevedzera Ultra High Speed ​​​​standard.
Kubva pamaonero ekushandiswa kweLinux pamitambo, danho iri rakakosha. Chimwe chezvikonzero zvakajairika chinobviswa kuti urambe uchishandisa Windows pamakombiyuta akagadzirirwa multimedia uye mitambo muimba yekutandarira. Kana muchina mumwe chete uyu uchipa ruzivo rwakafanana paSteamOS kana kugoverwa kwakakurumbira (Ubuntu, Fedora, Manjaro, Arch, nezvimwewo), sarudzo yesystem haichaganhurwi nedambudziko rekubuda kwevhidhiyo.
Vagadziri vemakombiyuta nevanobatanidza vanobatsirwawo. Nekufambira mberi uku, vachakwanisa Zivisai kubatana kwechokwadi neHDMI 2.1 pasi peLinux Pamasystem akavakirwa paAMD GPUs, zviri pachena kuti kushandisa Windows kwakakosha kuti uwane zvakawanda kubva mazviri. Izvi zvinogona kukurudzira kupa mamwe magadzirirwo akatoiswa kare ane GNU/Linux distributions yakanangana nevatambi vemitambo.
Mamiriro ekutsigira aripo iye zvino uye matanho anotevera mu kernel
Pasinei netariro, AMD inosimbirira kuti ichiri Iyi haisi HDMI 2.1 stack yakazara mudhiraivha ye AMDGPU. Chasvika pa kernel iboka rekutanga remapenji anogonesa kutakurwa kwedata nekukurumidza kuburikidza neFRL uye atopasa chikamu chakakosha chebvunzo dzeHDMI Forum dzekutevedzera mitemo.
Kubatanidzwa kwe Display Stream Compression (DSC)zvakakosha pakubatanidza zvibvumirano zvakanyanyisa nemitengo yakakwira pasina kugutsa hukama, pamwe nerutsigiro rwakagadzikana rwe Variable Refresh Rate (VRR)izvo zvinobatsira kuwiriranisa skrini nemafuremu eGPU kuti zviite kuti mitambo yakaoma ibudirire.
Maitiro akajairika mukukura kwekernel anosanganisira mapenji aya anofamba nematanho akati wandei: ongororo nevanopa rubatsiro rwekugadzirisa, bvunzo dzemunharaunda uye pakupedzisira, kubatanidzwa mushanduro yakagadzikana yekernel. Maitiro aya anogona kutora chero nguva kubva pamavhiki mashoma kusvika kumwedzi yakati wandei, zvichienderana nemhinduro yakagamuchirwa uye chero matambudziko anomuka nemagadzirirwo chaiwo ehardware.
Kune mushandisi wekupedzisira, shanduko iyi ichauya kuburikidza nekuvandudzwa kwesystem. Kugoverwa kwakadai seUbuntu, Fedora, kana Arch LinuxPamusoro peSteamOS, mapechi aya achabatanidzwa zvishoma nezvishoma mumakenduru awo. Kazhinji, mushandisi anongoda kuchengetedza sisitimu ichivandudzwa; hazvizove zvakakosha kuunganidza madhiraivha nemaoko kunze kwekunge uchida kugara uri pamberi peshanduro dzepamutemo.
Zvinotarisirwa kuti zvinhu zvepamusoro zveHDMI 2.1 zvichasvika nekukurumidza mu mbeu dzichangoburwa kana matavi asinganyanyi kuchengetedza Kusiyana neshanduro dzeLTS, idzo dzinowanzo koshesa kugadzikana. Kunyangwe zvakadaro, chokwadi chekuti kodhi iripo ikozvino yatove kuyedzwa zviri pamutemo chinoratidza kuti chikamu chakaoma kwazvo chebasa rehunyanzvi chiri kufamba zvakanaka.
Nekuchinja uku, rutsigiro rweHDMI 2.1 muLinux runobva pakuva vimbiso iri kure kuenda kuchokwadi muchikamu chekuiswa. Kuiswa kweFRL mudhiraivha yeAMDGPU yakavhurika kunozopedzisira kwaputsa denga reHDMI 2.0 bandwidth. Uye zvinovhura chitsauko chitsva umo vashandisi veRadeon vachakwanisa kushandisa zviri nani maTV nemamonitor avo emazuva ano, vachimirira zvinhu zvakaita seDSC neVRR kuti vapedzise puzzle.
