CRUX Linux Ndiyo imwe yeaya emahara software matombo ayo, kunyangwe asingazivikanwe zvakanyanya semamwe kugovera, akasiya mucherechedzo wakadzama panyika yevashandisi vepamberi uye Linux system vanogadzira.. Uku kugovera, kwakanangidzirwa kunyanya kune avo vanotsvaga kutonga kwakanyanya uye kugadzirisa, kunosanganisira mweya wekureruka uye kugona sevamwe vashoma. Pasinei nekusava nekambani yakakura yekusimudzira kana nharaunda yevashandisi inofashukira, avo vari chikamu cheCRUX zvakasikwa vanowanzove vane shungu uye vakazvipira zvikuru, zvichiita kuti iyi hurongwa huve hwakakodzera kune avo vanoda kutora Linux kune imwe nhanho inotevera.
Kana iwe wakamboda kuziva nezve kutora kunyudza mu a minimalist marongerwo, kana kuti uri kutsvaga sisitimu yekushandisa inopa izvo zvaunoda chete kuvaka nharaunda yako kubva kutanga, CRUX inopa iwoyo mukana. Muchinyorwa chino, tichakuudza zvese zvaunoda kuziva: kubva kwayakabva, kusvika pakuoma kwekuiswa kwayo, kuti inoshanda sei, uye kuti ndezvipi zvinonyanya kusiyanisa maitiro ayo. Isu tichafambawo iwe kuburikidza nezvakasiyana zvepakeji system uye nei yakapesvedzera kunyange mapurojekiti makuru seArch Linux.
Chii chinonzi CRUX Linux?
CRUX Linux ndeye minimalist GNU / Linux kugovera, Yakagadzirwa iine chinangwa chekupa yakareruka, yakachena uye yakagadziridzwa nharaunda ye x86-64 zvivakwa. Kuzvarwa kwaro kwakatangira ku2001, pamaoko aPer Lidén, uyo akatsvaga kushandisa iyo KISS musimboti (Keep It Simple, Stupid) kugovera iyo yaizobvisa zvese zvakawandisa, zvichifarira kutonga kwakazara nemushandisi uye kugadzirisa sisitimu kubva pachigadziko.
Kusiyana nedzimwe nzira, CRUX Izvo hazvina kubva pane chero imwe yapfuura kugovera, iyo inoipa iyo pachayo kuzivikanwa uye mukati mepfungwa. Kugamuchirwa kwayo kweBSD-maitiro ekutanga zvinyorwa, kushandiswa kwetar.gz-based package system, uye kusavapo kweiyo graphical yekumisikidza wizard inosiyanisa zvakanyanya kubva kune zvakajairwa zvinopihwa. Zvese zviri muCRUX zvakagadzirirwa vashandisi vane ruzivo vanoziva uye vanonakidzwa nekushanda kwemukati kweLinux.
CRUX Philosophy uye Nzira
Kureruka kunotorwa kune zvakanyanyisa chiratidzo cheCRUX. Iyo sisitimu inoburitsa zvese zvisina kufanira, kusvika padanho rekuti kuisirwa kwekutanga kunosanganisira mashoma mashoma akakosha maturusi. Iwe hauzowana graphical installer kana preconfigured mhinduro, asi panzvimbo iyo ipuratifomu kubva kwaunotsanangura ese maficha ehurongwa.
Mushandisi weCRUX anozvidzidzisa uye anoshanda. Kunyangwe zvinyorwa zvaro zviri pamutemo zvishoma, zvinokurudzira kuyedza, kudzidza kwega, uye nharaunda yekubatana. Uzivi uhwu hunoita kuti ive nharaunda yakanakira vanogadzira uye vanofarira vanoda kukurumidza, yakachena, uye inochinjika sisitimu, isina mapakeji asina basa kana masevhisi ekumashure.
Zvikamu zveunyanzvi uye zvinhu zvinokosha
- Architecture: CRUX yakagadzirirwa x86-64 masisitimu. Kunyangwe paine zviteshi kana shanduro dzezvimwe zvivakwa zvakaita sePowerPC uye Sparc, iyo huru ndeye 64-bit masisitimu.
- Nucleus: Iyo inoshandisa monolithic Linux kernel, ichipa ese azvino maficha uye zvigadziriso zveiyi kernel.
- Development model: Iyo yakasununguka uye yakavhurika sosi chirongwa, pasi peGPL rezinesi.
- Boot system: Inoshandisa BSD-style shell zvinyorwa kubata masevhisi, kudzivirira dzimwe nzira dzakaoma senge systemd, iyo inofambisa yakananga uye yakajeka manejimendi kumushandisi.
- Package system: Zvinobva pamafaira e.tar.gz. Iwo mapakeji mashoma uye anoperekedzwa neakakosha mafaera ekubatanidza uye kuisirwa.
Chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kuvandudzwa zveCRUX i "Ports" system, yakafuridzirwa zvakananga neFreeBSD, uko chiteshi chega chega chinomiririra chishandiso kana chishandiso chinogona kuunganidzwa nemushandisi.
Iyo Ports system muCRUX
Ports ndiyo epicenter yesoftware manejimendi muCRUX. Chiteshi chine dhairekitori rine mafaera akakosha ekunyora chikumbiro: iyo Pkgfile (script ine mitemo yekubatanidza), faira retsoka (ine rondedzero inotarisirwa yemafaira mushure mekubatanidza uye kudzokororwa kuyedzwa), uye, kana zvichidikanwa, zvigamba kana zvimwe zvinotsigira zvinhu.
Iyo kodhi yekodhi yemapurogiramu haigari pachiteshi, asi Pkgfile pachayo ine URL kubva kwaunotora iyo yekutanga kodhi. Uzivi uhwu hunobvumira mushandisi kuti agare achiunganidza shanduro dzichangoburwa uye kugadzirisa kuunganidza paramita zvinoenderana nezvavanoda. Iyo port system inoitawo kuti zvive nyore kugadzirisa uye kugadzirisa akaiswa maapplication, achibvumira mudziyo wega wega kuve wakasarudzika.
Package mamaneja: pkgutils uye prt-tora
CRUX inoshandisa pkgutils sechinhu chepakati chekuisa, kugadzirisa, uye kubvisa mapakeji. Asi zvakare, prt-wana inowedzera imwe dhizaini yekushanda, ichiita seyepamusoro interface yekudyidzana nemuti wenzvimbo dzechiteshi.
- Isa uye gadziridza mapakeji zviri nyore uye mune imwechete mirairo.
- Rondedzero uye kutsvaga zvinoenderana, zvese zvakaiswa uye zvakamirira.
- Wona ruzivo rwakadzama nezvechiteshi chega chega usati waenderera mberi nekuiswa kwayo.
- Yepamberi manejimendi yenhoroondo uye shanduko yelogi kune yakaunganidzwa maapplication.
Chinhu chakakosha kuchengeta mupfungwa ndechekuti Dependency manejimendi ndeyekusarudza uye haisi yega yega yega muCRUX; Kunyangwe prt-kuwana ichibvumira kutsamira pakunyora, kuisirwa kwavo ibasa remushandisi. Sarudzo iyi zvakare inokumbira kutonga uye pachena inotsanangura uzivi hweCRUX.
Misiyano nemamwe kugoverwa kweLinux
Iwo akasiyana mapoinzi eCRUX achienzaniswa nedzimwe sarudzo muLinux universe anogona kupfupikiswa sezvizvi:
| Feature | CRUX | Zvimwe Kugovera |
|---|---|---|
| Tarisa | Minimalist, yakanangana nebudiriro | Inosiyana, yakawanda yakanangana nevashandisi vese |
| Pasuru sisitimu | Ports (kuunganidza kubva kunobva) | Binary maneja seAPT, YUM, Pacman… |
| Kutanga system | Shell zvinyorwa | systemd, SysVinit, Upstart, nezvimwe. |
| Zvinyorwa | Zvishoma | Zvakawanda uye zvakadzama |
Mhedzisiro iyi inoshanduka uye inokurumidza sisitimu, asi imwe inoda ruzivo rwepamusoro kubata, kuisa, uye kuchengetedza. CRUX haisi kugovera kune vanotanga, asi zvakapesana: yakanangwa kune avo vanoda kubata nehurongwa, kuinzwisisa zvakakwana, uye kupindira mukuvaka kwayo kubva pasi kumusoro.
Kuisa Maitiro: Nhanho neNhanho
Maitiro ekuisa CRUX muenzaniso wakajeka weKISS philosophy… kana zvakapesana ndingati. Kanganwa graphical installer uye nhanho-ne-nhanho wizards: Pano zvese zvinoitwa kubva kuconsole uye nekutonga kwakazara nemushandisi.
- Dhawunirodha mufananidzo weCRUX kubva ku nzvimbo yepamutemo. Iwe une shanduro dzazvino uye dzakapfuura, pamwe nemagirazi akagoverwa pasirese (Germany, France, Italy, United Kingdom, USA, etc.).
- Gadzira iyo yekuisa media pa USB kana CD uye bhutsu system kubva mairi.
- Nzvimbo yebhutsu ichaonekwa. Kubva pano, iwe uchafanirwa kubata yako hard drive partitions. Iwe unogona kushandisa zvishandiso senge fdisk kana cfdisk kutsanangura yako sisitimu chimiro.
- Inogadzira iyo faira masisitimu uye inoisa iyo inodiwa zvikamu, pamwe neyekuisa midhiya.
- Nhanho inotevera inosanganisira kugadzira yako kernel. CRUX haiisi yakafanorongwa; iwe uchafanirwa kuigadzirisa zvinoenderana nehardware yako.
- Isa uye gadzirisa inotsigirwa bootloader (yakadai seGRUB kana LILO).
- Pedzisa kuisirwa, isa tenzi mapassword, uye reboot kuti upinde muCRUX yako itsva system.
Panguva yekuisa, unogona kusarudza base mapakeji anozogadzira nharaunda yako.Apa ndipo panoitwa mutsauko pakati pevanovice nevashandisi vepamberi, sezvo iwe uchigona kusarudza nzvimbo yekutanga kana kusarudza chete izvo zvinodikanwa pane zvaunoda chaizvo.
CRUX Nhau uye Zvidzoreso
CRUX ibasa rinoshanda, rine kuvandudzwa kunogara kuripo uye kugadzirisa. Iyo yazvino yakagadzikana vhezheni (kubvira 2025) ndeye 3.8, yakaburitswa muna Kubvumbi wegore rino, ichiratidza kuti kuchine boka rakazvipira revagadziri uye vashandisi.
Shanduro dzakapfuura, kubva ku1.0 yakaburitswa muna Zvita 2002 kusvika 3.7 yakaburitswa munaGunyana 2022, inoratidza shanduko inogara iripo uye kuzvipira kwakasimba mukuvandudza nekugadzirisa sisitimu kune matekinoroji matsva.
Nharaunda inoshuma pane zvitsva uye shanduko dzakakosha kuburikidza newebhusaiti yayo yepamutemo, maforamu, uye IRC chiteshi. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, semuenzaniso, maneja wemudziyo akatamiswa kubva ku devfs kuenda kuudev, zvinoenderana nekufambira mberi kweLinux kernel.
CRUX uye maitiro ayo pane mamwe magove
Chishuwo chakakosha ndechekuti CRUX yaive yekurudziro yekutanga yeArch Linux, imwe yeanonyanya kufarirwa rolling kuburitsa distros nhasi. Arch akakwereta misimboti yekureruka, pachena, uye kutonga kwakazara, kunyangwe paine nharaunda yakakura uye zvinyorwa zvakawanda.
CRUX's port system, uye nzira yayo yekuronga kuunganidzwa kwepakeji uye manejimendi, yakapesvedzerawo kumwe kunobva uye kwakazvimiririra kugovera. Iyi pesvedzero inoonekwa kwete chete mune tekinoroji maficha, asiwo mukuita-iwe-pachako tsika inotaridza mamwe matavi eLinux ecosystem.
Alternative editions uye media
Kunyangwe iyo huru vhezheni yeCRUX yakanangwa pax86-64, kune mapurojekiti akadai seCRUX PPC (PowerPC) neSparc shanduro, pamwe neiyo LiveCD edition inonzi lCRUX. Idzi dzimwe nzira dzinochengetwa nevagadziri vakazvitsaurira uye mapoka anounza pamwechete vashandisi vezvisingawanikwe zvakanyanya. Panyaya yePowerPC, pane kunyange tsigiro yeakananga maCPU uye anobatsira maficha emalaptops, akadai seCPU frequency kuyera.
CRUX munharaunda: vashandisi uye rutsigiro
Nharaunda yeCRUX idiki asi yakazvipira uye inoshanda. Kune maforamu epamutemo, IRC chiteshi (ikozvino paLibera.Chat), uye mapeji ezvishandiso muSpanish nemimwe mitauro. Kunyangwe zvinyorwa zvisina kuwanda kana kutsanangurwa senge mune mamwe masisitimu, izvi zvinokurudzira nhaurirano pakati pevashandisi uye kutsvaga kwekubatana mhinduro.
Pamusoro pezvo, kune mapeji akachengetedzwa akazvimiririra anounganidza zvidzidzo, mabhuku emahara, uye mareferensi ekutungamira kune ese ari maviri kuisirwa uye kutonga kwemazuva ese kweCRUX.
Zvakanakira uye zvinobvira matambudziko
CRUX inomira pachena pakupa yakanyanya kutonga, kugadzirisa uye kuita. Nekubvisa zvese zvisina kufanira zvikamu kubva kune base system uye nekubvumidza kuunganidzwa kwakananga kwepakeji yega yega, mushandisi anogona kugadzira nharaunda yakasarudzika yakagadziridzwa kune yavo chaiyo hardware.
Zvisinei, Izvi zvinosanganisirawo chikamu chikuru chekudzidza, kunyanya panguva yekutanga nhanho yekuisa nekugadzirisa. Icho chokwadi chekuti kutsamira manejimendi kunowanzo kuve kwemaoko, uye zvinyorwa zvishoma, zvinoda ruzivo rwepamusoro uye maitiro ekuita.
Kunyangwe zvese, vashandisi vazhinji vanowana muCRUX kugutsikana kwakasarudzika mukuvaka sisitimu yavo kubva pasi zvichikwira, vachiziva yega nook uye cranny uye zvakadzama, uye kudzivirira chero chinhu chakanyanya.
CRUX iri kuzvimisikidza senzira yekuenda kune avo vari kutsvaga kudzidza, kuyedza, uye master Linux kubva pasi kumusoro. Mhedzisiro yaro mukusimudzira kumwe kugovera, huzivi hwayo hushoma, uye kutsigirwa kwenharaunda inobatanidzwa inoichengeta imwe yeanonyanya kufadza, asi inoda, masisitimu ari muGNU/Linux universe. Kana iwe uchiziva neiyo DIY maitiro uye uchida kudzidza ins uye kunze kweLinux, iyi ndiyo imwe yeakanakisa sarudzo dzaungaedza.
