Munyika yekugoverwa kweLinux, sarudzo pakati peLinux Mint neLinux Mint Debian Edition (LMDE) ndeimwe yekuenzanisa kunonakidza kune avo vari kutsvaga yakapusa, yakagadzikana, uye mushandisi-ane hushamwari ruzivo. Pakutanga kuona, masisitimu ese ari maviri anoita seakafanana, asi pane misiyano iripo inogona kukanganisa ruzivo rwako rwezuva nezuva zvichienderana nezvaunoda, Hardware, uye tekinoroji zvaunofarira. Kana wakambozeza pakati kuisa Linux Mint kana LMDE, chinyorwa chino chichabvisa kusava nechokwadi kwako kwese.
Zvakananga padanho: heino ongororo yakadzama, yemazuva ano, uye yakarongeka Zvese zvaunoda kuti uzive nezve maviri maflavour eMint, kusanganisira nhoroondo yayo, zvinangwa, kushanda kwemukati, uye kutsigirwa kwe hardware, pamwe nekubatanidzwa kweboka rekuvandudza uye zvinhu zvinonyatsoita mutsauko zuva nezuva. Iva wakagadzirira kuziva kuti ndeipi yaunofanira kuisa pamushini wako kana kukurudzira kune vamwe, uye dzivirira zvisingakoshese zvinoshamisa!
Nei paine mavhezheni maviri eLinux Mint?
Linux Mint yakazvarwa sekugovera kwakavakirwa paUbuntu, ine mukurumbira nekuda kwekushandisa kwayo uye nharaunda yakakura, asi timu yeMint yakafunga makore apfuura kugadzira a imwe shanduro yakavakirwa paDebian, inozivikanwa seLMDE (Linux Mint Debian Edition). Chikonzero chacho? Kunyanya, kuve ne "chirongwa B" kana Ubuntu yakatora nzira isina kuchengetedzeka kana isingaite, nekudaro kuve nechokwadi chekuenderera kweMint chirongwa uye kuchengetedza huzivi hwayo hwakasimba zvisinei kuti chii chinoitika muLinux landscape.
Saka, Linux Mint (iyo huru) inoshandisa Ubuntu LTS sehwaro, nepo LMDE ichivimba nayo Debian Stable. Nepo chinangwa chechikwata chekusimudzira chaive chekusamboita LMDE iyo yakakurudzirwa vhezheni, ivo vakave nechokwadi chekuti vese vanochengetedza Mint siginecha yemushandisi ruzivo uye kuenderana kunoshanda.
Kufanana kukuru pakati peLinux Mint neLMDE
- Mushandisi interface uye chitarisiko: Ese maviri edhisheni anogovera Cinnamon, Mint's flagship graphical nharaunda, pamwe chete nemadingindira akafanana, ega maapplication (XApps) uye zvekushandisa zvekushandisa. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti Linux Mint inowanikwa nematafura matatu, asi shanduro huru inoshandisa "Cinnamon."
- Zvakaitika mushure mekuisa kubva pakutanga: Ose Mint uye LMDE akagadzirirwa kuti afambe zvakanaka kubva kubhutsu yekutanga, iine yakawanda hardware inozivikanwa otomatiki uye yakakosha maapplication akafanoiswa.
- Updates uye kugadzikana uzivi: Masisitimu ese ari maviri anotungamira kusimba, kudzivirira kusvetuka kweshanduro ine njodzi kana shanduko dzakanyanya kuzvinhu zvakakosha.
Mukushandiswa kwezuva nezuva, Ose ari maviri anogona kunge asingazivikanwe kune mushandisi asingazive mutsauko wehunyanzvi wakavanzika pasi pehodhi. Nekudaro, misiyano iyi inogona kuita sarudzo zvichienderana nechimiro chemushandisi uye mamiriro.
Misiyano yehunyanzvi: chii chiri kunyatso chinja pasi pevhu?
The Base: Ubuntu LTS vs. Debian Stable
Classic Linux Mint inovimba nekuburitswa kweUbuntu LTS, zvinoreva kutenderera kuburitswa, kuenderana nehuwandu hukuru hwesoftware, 5-gore yakawedzerwa rutsigiro, uye zvine rupo rupo rwekugadzirisa hardware mutemo (kernel, vatyairi, Mesa). Kune rimwe divi, LMDE inoshandisa Debian Stable, iyo inopa kuburitsa anenge makore maviri ega ega uye inotarisa pakugadzikana uye kudzivirira chero nyaya dzehunyanzvi.
Izvi zvinorevei? Mint kazhinji inokwanisa kukurumidza kuwana tekinoroji nyowani, nepo LMDE inotungamira kuvimbika. Debian Stable ine mukurumbira nekuda kwekuchengetedza kwayo: kana vhezheni yaburitswa, mashoma anochinja kunze kwekuchengetedza zvigamba kana zvakakosha bug kugadzirisa.
Graphical manejimendi ekushandisa
Linux Mint (Ubuntu) inosanganisira yayo yega graphical utilities senge Kernel Manager uye Driver Manager, izvo zvinokutendera kuti uise nyore nyore nyowani Hardware-chaiyo kernels nemadhiraivha. Maturusi aya haapo muLMDE, nekuti anoenderana neBuntu infrastructure. MuLMDE, kugadzirisa kernel kana kuisa madhiraivha evaridzi kunoda kushandisa Synaptic kana iyo terminal, inogona kuve diki chipingamupinyi kune vanotanga.
Izvi zvakakosha kana uine hardware ichangoburwa (giraidhi, Wi-Fi, maprinta emazuva ano), sezvo Mint inoita kuti basa rive nyore kupfuura LMDE.
Hardware rutsigiro: gakava risingaperi pakati peDebian neUbuntu
Chimwe chezvikonzero nei Ubuntu ichikurudzirwa zvakanyanya kune vanotanga uye vashandisi vane ichangoburwa Hardware kutsigira kwayo kwekutanga kwemidziyo mitsva, nekuda kwekubatanidzwa kwevatyairi uye mutemo wekugara uchigadziridzwa kune yayo hardware stack. Kunyangwe Debian yakagadziridza zvakanyanya (kunyanya kubva vhezheni 12, iyo ikozvino inosanganisira yakakosha vatyairi vevaridzi), ichiri kugamuchira "hot package" mushure meUbuntu. Izvi zvinoturikira kuti Mint inoda kuziva zvimwe zvishandiso kunze kwebhokisi. uye inokubvumira kuti uzvigadzirise nekukurumidza.
Semuenzaniso, ekare HP maprinta kana asiri-akajairwa Wi-Fi makadhi anogona kushanda otomatiki muLinux Mint, nepo muLMDE angangoda mamwe matanho kana kuti angasatomboonekwa pakutanga.
Kernel, mutyairi wemifananidzo, uye zvigadziriso zvekushandisa
Mint, nekuda kweUbuntu's HWE (Hardware Enablement Stack), inogamuchira kernel uye mifananidzo yemutyairi inogadziridza mwedzi mitanhatu yega yega mukati meLTS kutenderera. Izvi zvinoreva kuti vashandisi vanogara vachinakidzwa nekuvandudzwa mukuita uye kuenderana kwehardware. Pamusoro pezvo, mamwe maapplication akakodzera anogashirawo mavhezheni matsva mukati mehupenyu hwavo hwekuburitswa.
MuLMDE, zvinhu zvakakosha senge kernel neMesa zvinoramba zvakaomeswa nechando pavhezheni yakaiswa pazuva rekuburitswa, kunze kwekukosha kwekuchengetedza. Mushandisi anogona kutendeukira kubackports (repositories yezvigadziriso zvakasarudzwa nechikwata cheDebian), asi chiitiko ichi chichiri chekuchengetedza kupfuura chekare Mint.
Imwe mukana weLMDE ndeyekuti, uchishandisa Flatpak-uye izvi zvinoshandawo kuMint-unokwanisa kuwana zvakagadziridzwa zvikumbiro usingavimbi nenheyo dzekuchengetedza, kunyangwe izvi zvisingagadzirise dambudziko rekugadzirisa iyo yese mifananidzo stack.
Tsigiro yePPAs uye yakasarudzika software
Imwe yeakanakisa inokwezva yeUbuntu (uye nekudaro yeiyo huru Mint) ndeye yayo kuenderana neanozivikanwa maPPAs, izvo zvinokutendera kuti uise nyore nyore software yechitatu-bato kana shanduro nyowani pane dziripo mune zvakajairwa repositories. MuLMDE-uye muDebian-izvi hazvikurudzirwe: nepo mamwe maPPA achigona kushanda, njodzi yekupwanya kutsamira kana kugadzikana kwehurongwa yakakwira zvakanyanya.
Tsigiro yehurefu uye kuchengetedza inogadziridza
Linux Mint ine 5 makore ekutsigirwa nekuda kweUbuntu LTS, iyo inopa runyararo rwepfungwa uye yenguva refu inogadziridza. LMDE inopa rutsigiro kusvika ringangoita gore mushure mekuburitswa kweinotevera vhezheni, iyo inowanzova makore maviri ega ega.. Mukuita, LMDE kazhinji ine makore matatu e "chengetedzo" yekutsigira, kunyangwe mune dzimwe nguva inogona kuita shoma kana Debian kutenderera kwachinja.
Kana zvasvika pakuchengetedzeka kwepakiti, LMDE inohwina pano: Debian inosanganisira pamusoro pe58.000 mapakeji pasi pekuchengetedza chengetedzo amburera inotungamirwa zvakananga nechikwata chayo chekugadzirisa, nepo Ubuntu inogumira inotsigira kutenderedza zviuru zvishanu mapakeji. Ehe, mutsauko unozoonekwa chete kana iwe uchivimba zvakanyanya nemaapplication ari kunze kweanonyanya kufarirwa.
Kugadzikana uye kusimba: ndeipi inomira zvinokanganisa zviri nani?
Mavhezheni ese ari maviri akanyanya kugadzikana, asi LMDE yakavakirwa pamusoro peDebian Stable, iyo inozivikanwa kuti ndiyo inonyanya kukosha munzvimbo dzakaoma, kusanganisira maseva uye masisitimu asingakwanisi kubhadhara kukundikana. Shanduko huru muDebian ishoma uye yakayedzwa zvakanaka, saka yakanakira avo vanoda runyararo rwepfungwa rwakakwana uye kushomeka kwekunetsekana kukwidziridzwa.
Linux Mint, kune chikamu chayo, inobatsira kubva munharaunda yakakura yeUbuntu uye kugona kwayo kukurumidza kuchinjika kune ichangoburwa hardware kana software nyaya. Pamusoro pezvo, nyaya dzinogadziriswa nekukurumidza mushanduro huru, sezvo inotarisisa ruzhinji rwevashandisi uye ndiyo inotariswa nechikwata.
Zvikonzero zvekusarudza imwe neimwe system: ndeipi mbiri iwe?
Nguva yekusarudza Linux Mint (Ubuntu)
- Kana uine hardware ichangoburwa, uchida kutamba paLinux, kana kuti unoda kuisa madhiraivha ari nyore nyore.
- Iwe unofarira iyo yakapusa inogoneka chiitiko, ine graphical maturusi ezvese zvese, uye mushoma mukana wekupwanya sisitimu nekuda kwekukanganisa kwemanyorero.
- Iwe unoda kukurumidza kuwana kushanduro nyowani dzemaapplication kana maturusi kuburikidza nePPAs, kana iwe unoshandisa software yakarongedzerwa Ubuntu chete.
- Iwe unokoshesa rutsigiro rwenguva refu: neMint, wakavimbiswa zvigadziriso zvemakore mashanu.
Nguva yekusarudza LMDE (Debian)
- Iwe unofarira iyo Debian philosophy uye ecosystem, iwe uri mushandisi weserver kana uine mamwe makomputa anomhanya Debian, uye unokoshesa yakazara system kuenderana.
- Iwe unoisa pamberi kugadzikana uye kuchengetedzeka pamusoro pekuve neazvino Hardware kana maapplication.
- Iwe haudi Ubuntu's graphical maturusi uye wakasununguka kushandisa Synaptic kana iyo terminal yekuisa/kutarisa madhiraivha uye zvigadziriso.
- Iwe haudi kuvimba neBuntu's "bhizinesi" sarudzo (sekusundira Snap mapakeji) uye sarudza 100% nharaunda distro.
- Iwe une hanya nekuchinja kwakanyanya kune Ubuntu hwaro uye uri kutsvaga sisitimu iri pasi pezviyedzo zvekutengesa kana sarudzo dzekushambadzira.
Zvakadini neanozivikanwa Canonical uye Snap matambudziko?
Vazhinji vashandisi veMint vanonyengetedza kuUbuntu nekuda kwedzimwe sarudzo neCanonical, sekushingirira kusimudzira iyo pasuru fomati. Snap - iyo Mint inovharira nekukasira- kana nekuedza kwakakundikana munguva yakapfuura sechibvumirano neAmazon. Mukuita, timu yeMint yakabudirira kudzosera kumashure dzinenge dzese shanduko dzisingafarirwe naUbuntu, kuisa pamberi peFlatpak pamusoro peSnap uye kudzivirira kudarika-kutengesa.
Kunyange kuchine zvimwe zvidiki zvenhaka zvinogona kunetsa purists (semuenzaniso, kuisirwa mameseji nezve Ubuntu Pro kana uchiisa mamwe mafonti), idzi inyaya diki dzisingakanganise kushandiswa kwezuva nezuva.
Chikwata chekusimudzira chinotarisa: kwavanoisa simba ravo
Mint's primary development inotarisa paUbuntu-based edition, inova ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa (yakakomberedza 89% yevashandisi). LMDE ichiripo seimwe nzira inoshanda uye yakakwana, asi timu yakabuda pachena kuti haisiriyo yavo yekutarisisa, asi rudzi rwe "hurongwa hwenjodzi" hwekuchinja kukuru kuUbuntu.
Izvi zvinoreva kuti tsikidzi, zvigadziriso, uye gadziridzo dzinosvika isati yasvika-kana chete mushure-iyo huru vhezheni. MuLMDE, mamwe madiki madiki anogona kutora nguva yakareba kugadzirisa kana achivimba neDebian base uye asina kubatwa zvakananga nechikwata cheMint.
Zvigadziriso, kutenderera kutenderera, uye hupenyu hurefu
Mint anowanzo kuburitsa vhezheni itsva yakavakirwa pane yazvino Ubuntu LTS makore maviri ega ega, ine zvidiki zvinoburitswa pakati pekugadzirisa madhiraivha nemakernels. LMDE inoita chinhu chimwe chete asi yakavakirwa paDebian Stable uye inowanzoburitswa mwedzi mishoma mushure meDebian nyowani.
Zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti mushure mekuisa LMDE ISO, zvakakosha kuti uite yekutanga sisitimu yekuvandudza kuti uunze system yako kune yazvino vhezheni ine ese Debian kuchengetedza zvigamba uye kuvandudzwa. Kunyangwe iyo ISO inogona kutaridzika "yechikuru" pane iyo yakagadziriswa vhezheni, kana ikagadziridzwa iwe unenge uine hwaro hwakasimba seiyo yeDebian yakachena.
Kuita uye kushandisa zviwanikwa
Mukuita, zvese Mint neLMDE vanoita zvakafanana, nechinhu chikuru chiri Cinnamon uye Mint's suite yemashandisirwo. Kana iwe uine komputa yakare kana ine mwero, sarudzo yedesktop (Cinnamon, Mate, XFCE) ichave ine pesvedzero yakanyanya kwete hwaro hwehurongwa.
Nekudaro, nekuti Debian yakanyanya minimalist uye inochengetedza, LMDE inogona kushandisa zvishoma zviwanikwa uye kuve inoshanda zvakanyanya pane mashoma masisitimu kana ayo ane shoma RAM.
Zviitiko zvinoshanda: mienzaniso chaiyo
Mukuedzwa pamhando dzakasiyana dzehardware, ese ari maviri masisitimu anonyatsoziva uye kugadzirisa akawanda maturusi. Semuyenzaniso, maprinta eHP kubva makore gumi apfuura anowanzo onekwa otomatiki muMint neLMDE, kunyangwe mune zvimwe zviitiko (senge ichangoburwa HP laser printer) inogona kungoshanda "pakutanga kuedza" muMint uye inoda mamwe matanho muLMDE.
Pamutambo, Mint inonyanya kukodzera kuwana zvakanyanya kubva mairi, sezvo inogona kugadzirisa kernel uye giraidhi stack zviri nyore, izvo zvakakosha pakuburitswa kwemitambo mitsva kana madhiraivha echangobva kuitika.
Kana kukurudzira kwako kwekutanga kuri kugadzikana uye rugare rwepfungwa, kana kubatanidzwa nemamwe maDebian masisitimu (sevhavha), LMDE isarudzo yakasimba uye yakasimba inovimbisa nharaunda inowirirana, yakachengeteka, uye isina kushamisika.
Mubvunzo wekuvandudza: zviri nani here?
LMDE ndiyo inonyanya kuchengetedza sarudzo: mashoma anogadziridza, mashoma asingatarisirwe shanduko, uye yakaderera mukana wekutadza nekuda kwezvisinga gadziriswe. Yakakwana ye vashandisi vanosarudza "set uye kukanganwa" system.
Linux Mint inopa zvimwe zvinowanzoitika kune zvakakosha zvikamu, zvichiita kuti zvive zvakakodzera kune avo vanoda kugara vachifambirana nenguva pasina kurega kugadzikana. Ehe, kana paine shanduko zhinji, mukana mukuru wekuti chimwe chinhu chisina kumira zvakanaka, kunyangwe njodzi ichiramba yakaderera nekuda kwekukura kweprojekiti uye nharaunda yerutsigiro.
Ko kana Canonical ichichinja zvakanyanya Ubuntu? Ramangwana reMint uye LMDE
Chikwata cheMint chinotarisisa kushanduka kweUbuntu, kunyanya kushungurudzwa kunogona kuitika kweSnap mapakeji kana shanduko huru dzinogona kukanganisa tsika dzeMint. Kunyangwe chinangwa chiri chekuenderera mberi nekushandisa Ubuntu ikozvino, LMDE yakagadzirira seimwe nzira yekutanga kana Ubuntu isingachakodzeri sehwaro. Parizvino, kusandura shanduko dzisingadiwe muUbuntu zviri nyore pane kuendesa zvese zvazvinovandudza kuDebian, asi izvi zvinogona kuchinja kana Canonical ikaita sarudzo dzinopesana.
Saka ndeipi yaunofanira kuisa?
Kana iwe uchitsvaga kuve nyore, kuenderana neazvino Hardware, kuwana ichangoburwa tekinoroji, uye zvishoma zvipingamupinyi zvekuisa unofficial software, Linux Mint (Ubuntu LTS) inoramba iri sarudzo yakakurudzirwa kune vakawanda. Kana, kune rimwe divi, kukosha kwako kwakanyanya kugadzikana, kuchengetedzeka kwakawedzerwa, kubatanidzwa nemamwe maDebian masisitimu, uye runyararo rwepfungwa rwekutsamira pasarudzo dzeCanonical, LMDE isarudzo yako.
Hapana imwe sarudzo ndeyekusvetukira mune void.: Vese vari vaviri vakakura, vanonyatsotsigirwa nenharaunda yeMint uye timu, uye vanogovana huzivi hwakafanana uye ruzivo rwemushandisi. Izvo zvese zvinoenderana nezvido zvako uye izvo zvaunokoshesa zvakanyanya muhupenyu hwako hwemazuva ese komputa.
Chero chipi chaunosarudza, iwe unovimbiswa yakakwenenzverwa, yakasimba, uye mushandisi-inoshamwaridzika Linux ruzivo, inokwanisa kuchinjika kune ese ari maviri novices uye vanoda vashandisi. Ongorora zvaunokoshesa, ongorora misiyano, uye usazeze kuyedza zvese kuti uone kuti ndezvipi zvinonyatsoenderana nemaitiro ako uye zvaunotarisira.