Asmi Linux Yabata pfungwa dzevashandisi vazhinji vari kutsvaga sisitimu inokurumidza, inoyevedza, uye isina kuoma, vangave vachibva kuWindows kana kuti vanga vachiedza neGNU/Linux kwenguva yakati. Panzvimbo pekugadzirazve vhiri, kugoverwa uku kunotarisa pakugadzirisa nekugadzirisa. nharaunda yeXfce uye hwaro hweUbuntu kana Debiankuwedzera maturusi avo kuti zvinhu zvese zvifambe zvakanaka uye pasina misoro yakawanda.
Zita rekuti Asmi rinobva kuSanskrit neHindi uye rinoreva chimwe chinhu chakafanana neizvi. "Ndiri" kana kuti "Ndiripo"Kutenda pfungwa yekuva nesystem yekushandisa inoita kunge yako. Yaimbonzi Zinc, asi kutanga neshanduro yakavakirwa paUbuntu 23.10, chirongwa ichi chakatora zita rekuti Asmi kudzivirira kuvhiringidzika nekumwe kugoverwa. Kumashure kwacho kune... TeejeeTech, timu diki inozivikanwa nekugadzira zvishandiso zveLinux, avo vakasarudza kuisa ruzivo irworwo rwese mu distro yakatarisana neruzivo rwedesktop.
Chii chinonzi Asmi Linux uye chii chakavakirwa pairi?
Asmi Linux ipuratifomu inosanganisa hwaro hwakasimba (Ubuntu kana Debian) nenzvimbo yedesktop yeXfce yakashongedzwa zvakanaka. Chinangwa ndechekupa nzvimbo iri nyore kushandisa. Yakareruka, yemazuva ano, uye yakagadzirwa zvakanaka kubva pabhutsu yekutanga.pasina kukumanikidza kutambisa nguva uchigadzirisa mapaneru, dingindira, uye maturusi akakosha.
Kugoverwa uku kunowanikwa muzvinyorwa zvakasiyana-siyana, zvichienderana nekuti unoda bazi reUbuntu here kana kuti reDebian. Kune rumwe rutivi, kune shanduro dzeAsmi Linux 26.04 ne24.04.5 dzakavakirwa paUbuntu (senge Resolute uye Noble), uye kune rumwe rutivi, mutsetse weAsmi 13 wakavakirwa paDebian 13 "Trixie". Muzviitiko zvese, Asmi anochengetedza nzira yakachena: mapakeji mazhinji anobva zvakananga kubva nzvimbo dzepamutemo dzeUbuntu kana Debian, tichiwedzera maturusi edu mashoma chete.
Chimwe chezvinhu zvinotsanangura Asmi ndechekuti inoedza kuva pfupi kupfuura mamwe ma distro akazara: Ma "ISO" akajairwa haana simbaDzinorema zvisingasviki 2 GiB uye hadzina ma office suites kana mamwe mapakeji anorema. Izvi zvinoita kuti kudhawunirodha nekukurumidza uye kuisa system nekukurumidza, zvakanaka pakuyedza pamichina yekare kana munzvimbo chaiyo.
Ubuntu neDebian Editions: Zvinonaka Zviviri zveMaprofayiri Akasiyana
Asmi inogona kudhawunirodhwa mumhando mbiri huru: imwe yakavakirwa paUbuntu uye imwe paDebian. Imwe neimwe yakagadzirirwa mhando chaiyo yemushandisi, asi ese ari maviri ane maitiro akafanana. uzivi hwekugadzira uye zvishandiso zvakafanana neimba.
Chinyorwa cheUbuntu chinokurudzirwa kune avo vari kutsvaga chimwe chinhu chiri nyore kushandisa: chiri nyore kune vashandisi vasina hunyanzvi uye chinopa chiyero chakanaka pakati nyore kushandisa, hardware inoenderana, uye mapakeji matsvaAsmi 26.04 na24.04.5 vanotevedzera Ubuntu release cycle, asi neAsmi pachake anogadzira mashandisirwo azvo.
Chinyorwa cheDebian, kune rumwe rutivi, chakanangana neavo vanokoshesa kugadzikana nekuchengetedzwa. Asmi 13 inotora Debian 13 "Trixie" uye inoigadzirisa nekusarudza mashandisirwo akanyatsonaka, uku ichichengetedza sisitimu yepakati. zvinenge "zvakachena" zvachose maererano nemabhuku ekuchengetera zvinhuIzvi zvinoreva kuti, kana zvangoiswa, zvigadziriso zvinobva zvakananga kubva kuDebian, pasina mamwe marepository asinganzwisisike kana ma workaround asinganzwisisike.
Kumwe kuongorora kwekunze kunoratidza kuti Asmi Debian inokwanisa kuve Zviri nyore kuisa uye zvinofadza maziso Chaizvoizvo iDebian, ukuwo ichichengetedza zvayakanakira: kusimba, kufanotaura, uye muunganidzwa wakakura wemapakeji. Kutaura zvazviri, inoonekwa semhando ye "Debian yevanhu" isina shanduko dzakawanda dzeUbuntu.
Desktop yeXfce yemazuva ano uye yakashongedzwa zvakanyanya
Nyeredzi yeAsmi inzvimbo yedesktop yeXfce, iyo pano inoita kunge yakasiyana zvikuru nemufananidzo wekare uyo vazhinji vachiri kuibatanidza nawo. Distro inouya neXfce yakaiswa kare. ine dingindira rakagadziriswa, rine zviratidzo, zvidzoreso, ma background, uye mapaneru akagadziriswa kuti iite seyemazuva ano, ichiyeuchidza nezvechiitiko cheUbuntu asi ichishandisa zviwanikwa zvishoma.
Asmi anoshandisa imwe shanduro yeYaru theme, anowedzera DockbarX task switcher ine ma icons makuru nema activity markers, uye ine ma file manager maviri: Thunar (yekare yeXfce) uye NemoYekupedzisira yakagadzirirwa mu dual-pane mode kune avo vanoda nzira yechinyakare yekutarisira mafaira. Terminator inowanikwawo se default terminal, iyo ine simba kupfuura Xfce terminal yekutanga, pamwe chete ne text editor yakaita seGeany 2.0 uye shanduro yakareruka inonzi GeanyPad.
Magadzirirwo epaneru akagadzirwa kuti ashandise zvizere mamonitor emazuva ano ane widescreen: bhaa rinogona kuiswa rakamira, richipa runako rwakachena uye rwakabatana. Vashandisi vazhinji neongororo vanobvumirana kuti Pfungwa yekutanga yedesktop inokwezva zvikuru. pane iyo yeXfce yakajairwa muDebian kana kunyange Xubuntu, izvo zvinobatsira kudzivirira vanhu kuti vasazviti ndezvekare zvachose.
Kuchinja marongero nekukurumidza uye kugadzirisa desktop
Chimwe chezvinhu zvinoshamisa zveAsmi kugona kuchinja marongerwo edesktop nekungodzvanya kashoma. Nekuda kwezvishandiso zvayo zvakavakirwa mukati, vashandisi vanogona kuchinja zviri nyore pakati pemagadzirirwo akasiyana edesktop. Marongerwo eWindows, Ubuntu, Classic kana Modernvachichinja chitarisiko chavo nemaitiro avo kuti zvienderane netsika dzavo.
Mushanduro dzichangoburwa, sarudzo yekuti Chengetedza uye rodha marongero edesktop yako akagadzirwaSaka, kana ukapedza nguva uchigadzirisa Xfce sezvaunoda, unogona kuchengetedza configuration iyoyo woigadzirisa gare gare kana pane imwe komputa. Izvi zvinoshandisa zvizere hunhu hweXfce hwakasimba, pasina kumanikidza mushandisi kuti afambe nemaoko kuburikidza nemamenyu ese ekugadzirisa.
Mashandisirwo emamwe mapurogiramu epachivande akagadziriswazve neClient-Side Decoration (CSD), iyo inosanganisira title bar yakabatanidzwa muhwindo uye toolbar yakagadzirwazve. Izvi zvinoita kuti suite ive nechitarisiko chemazuva ano uye zvinoita kuti ienderane nemamwe mapurogiramu emazuva ano, pasina kukanganisa mashandiro ayo. mashandiro akareruka anoratidza Xfce.
Zvirongwa zveAsmi: Nzvimbo Yekudzora uye Chitoro Chakarerutswa
Chinhu chikuru muAsmi ndechekugadzirisa mashandisirwo eAsmi. Chinoisa mabasa akawanda pakati, ayo, mune mamwe magoverwo, anosanganisira kugadzirisa maapplication akasiyana-siyana kana kushandisa terminal. Interface yayo inoronga mabasa anoshanda kubva ku shanduko yemusoro wenyaya kuenda kukutonga kernel.
Pakati pesarudzo dzeAsmi Settings, zvinotevera zvinoonekwa:
- Musoro: chinja pakati pechiedza nerima rekushandisa GTK3 neGTK4, nenzira yakabatana.
- Maitiro: chinja pakati pemagadzirirwo akasiyana edesktop (Windows, Ubuntu, Classic, Modern) uye, mushanduro itsva, gadzirisa magadzirirwo akagadzirwa.
- Wallpapers: sarudza kana chinja kumashure kwedesktop zviri nyore.
- Web browser: chinja browser yakajairika pasina matambudziko.
- Software inotsigira: isa kana kubvisa mabhurawuza anosvika gumi anozivikanwa zvakaita seGoogle Chrome, Firefox, nedzimwe.
- Software yakakurumbira: chikamu che "mazano" chinoita kuti zvive nyore kuisa mapurogiramu akajairika emabasa ezuva nezuva.
- Isa kernel: nyore nyore kushandisa mamwe ma kernels kubva kumapurojekiti akaita seXanmod kana Zen (Liquorix).
- Bvisa kernel: nyora pasi uye bvisa ma kernel akaiswa ausingachade.
- Kudzorera Sisitimu: kugonesa kana kudzima basa reChronShield snapshot.
- MasystemsShandisa matipi madiki kuti uvandudze nguva yekutanga nekuvhara, pamwe chete nezvimwe zvinhu zvakanaka.
- Software kugadzirisa: gadzirisa zvinhu zvitsva, chinja magirazi kana marepository uye chengetedza system yacho ichivandudzwa.
- Software yeTeejeeTech: mukana wekuwana mamwe maapplication akagadzirwa nechikwata chimwe chete.
Ongororo dzinoverengeka dzinoratidza kuti Asmi Settings inoshanda panguva imwe chete se control panel uye store diki yemaapp. Kubva ipapo, maapplication anogona kuiswa. mapurogiramu anozivikanwa, ese ari maviri emahara uye emahara ekutengesa, kusanganisira maturusi akaita se1Password kana Zoom, pasina chikonzero chekuvhura Synaptic kana kushandisa console.
Chiratidzo cheAsmi: Nzira dzepfupi dzinobatsira kubva mutray yesystem
Chimwe chinhu chakasiyana cheAsmi iAsmi Indicator, chiratidzo chidiki chiri mutray yesystem uye chinoita kuti munhu awane nekukurumidza zviito zvinowanzoshandiswa. Inzira iri nyore yekuunganidza mapfupi anowanzo da matanho akawanda kana mirairo. Maficha ayo anosanganisira sarudzo dzakasiyana siyana dzakadai se Chinja wallpaper, gadzirisa zvichangobva kuitika, kana kutangazve mabasa..
Zvimwe zvezvinhu zvinonakidza zveAsmi Indicator ndeizvi:
- Shandura Wallpaper uchishandisa chishandiso cheVariety kudhawunirodha otomatiki uye kuisa mapikicha matsva.
- Dzima sikirini kana kuti sikirini yacho yakabatana ipapo ipapo, zvichibatsira kuchengetedza simba pasina kumisa michina.
- Kuuraya mapurogiramu akapwanyikazvinokubvumidza kusarudza hwindo rakakiyiwa negonzo worivhara nechisimba.
- Tangazve desktop yeXfce pasina kuvhara mapurogiramu akavhurika, izvo zvinoshanda zvikuru kana panel kana applet ikasadzoreka.
- Isa zvigadziriso zvesisitimu, kusanganisira mapakeji anotarisirwa neNala, Deb-Get, pamwe neFlatpak neSnap kana wakaaisa.
- Nyoro reset (soft reboot), iyo inodzosazve masevhisi nezvikamu pasina kudhawunirodha kernel, ichiwana chimwe chinhu chakafanana nekutangazve zvizere, asi nekukurumidza.
- Tangazve zvakananga kuBIOS/UEFI, kudzivisa kudzvanya kiyi inoenderana pakutanga.
- Isa uye bvisa software uchishandisa Deb-Get, chimwe chezvishandiso zvekugadzirisa mapakeji zviri muAsmi.
Zvinhu izvi zvinoshandura Asmi Indicator kuita rudzi rwe "Swiss Army banga" rinosvikika kubva panzvimbo yekuzivisa, zvichiita kuti zviito zvive nyore izvo vashandisi vatsva vazhinji vasingatombozivi pekutangira. kubva pamutsetse wemirairo kana pazvirongwa zvepamusoro.
Sisitimu yekudzoreredza neCronShield
Asmi inosanganisira basa rekugadzirisa sisitimu risingawanzo kuwanikwa muzvikamu zvese. Rinobva pavhezheni yemahara yeCronShield, chishandiso chinokubvumidza kugadzira snapshots dzesystem dzenguva nenguva, kuitira kuti ugone kudzokera kune mamiriro ekare kana paine matambudziko.
Sisitimu yekugadzirisa inoshanda seinotevera:
- Mifananidzo inogadzirwa yega yega awa imwe neimwe.
- Mifananidzo makumi maviri inochengetwa: gumi paawa uye gumi pazuva.
- Ruzivo rwekudzoreredza rwunochengetwa muchikamu chesystem, mudhairekitori /chronshield.
- Mifananidzo yacho inodzvanywa kuitira kuti isatore nzvimbo yakawanda padhisiki.
Kana chimwe chinhu chikakanganisika zvakanyanya—semuenzaniso, kugadzirisa dambudziko kana magadzirirwo anoita kuti desktop isashande—zvinokwanisika kutanga kubva pa ISO mu Live mode uye system yekudzoreredza kusvika pazuva rakapfuura uchishandisa mapikicha aya. Kutarisirwa kwemabackups aya kwakabatanidzwawo muAsmi Settings, kwaunogona kuvhura kana kudzima sisitimu zvichienderana nezvaunoda.
Avo vanoda vanogona kudzima zvachose chimiro ichi. Kuti uite izvi, ingo mhanyisa murairo kubva kuterminal unobvisa ChronShield wobvisa data rekudzoreredza. Izvi zvinobvumira vashandisi vepamusoro kusarudza kana vachida rudzi urwu rwekudzoreredza otomatiki kana kuti zviri nani kushandisa maturusi avo ekuchengetedza.
Rutsigiro rweSoftware, mafomati emapakeji, uye browser yeFirefox
Chimwe chezvinhu zvakanaka zveAsmi inzira yayo inochinjika pakugadzirisa software. Kunyange zvazvo isingaise maapplication akawanda pachine nguva, yakagadzirira kushanda nemafomati akasiyana uye marepository, uku ichichengetedza [kushanda kunodiwa]. hurongwa hwakachena uye hunogoneka.
Asmi inotsigira Snap neFlatpak zviri nyore, kunyange hazvo kugoverwa kwacho kusingauyi kwakaiswa nemapakeji emhando idzi. Izvi zvinopa mushandisi rusununguko rwekusarudza kuti ndeipi ecosystem yeapplication yaanoda kuisa pakutanga. APT yechinyakare, Snap, Flatpak kana kunyange AppImage nemidziyo yekunze. Pamusoro pezvo, Asmi inosanganisira mamaneja akavandudzwa akadai saNala (izvo zvinowedzera ruzivo rwe apt command-line) uye Deb-Get, izvo zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kuisa software yakakurumbira yakarongedzwa mufomati ye .deb.
Imwe pfungwa inokosha zvikuru ndeyekuti Asmi anoshandisa Shanduro yazvino yeFirefox zvakananga kubva kuMozilla repository yepamutemoPanzvimbo peESR version iyo Debian inowanzoisa pakutanga, izvi zvinodzivirira matambudziko ekugadzirisa kwenguva refu uye zvinoita kuti browser igare ichienderana nezvinodiwa zvitsva uye ma patches ekuchengetedza.
Mashandiro, zvinodiwa uye mashandisirwo mumichina chaiyo
Kusarudzwa kweXfce senzvimbo yedesktop uye huzivi hwemaISO hushoma zvinoita kuti Asmi Linux ive yakareruka. Izvi zvinoonekwa kwete chete pamichina yekare asiwo mune ruzivo rwese rwevashandisi. Sisitimu iyi inotanga kushanda nekukurumidza uye inoshandisa RAM shoma pane madesktop anorema. uye zvinoita sekunge zvinopindura kunyangwe pamidziyo midiki.
Distro iyi yakagadzirirwa kushanda zvakanaka munzvimbo dze virtualization dzakadai seVirtualBox, VMware, uye KVM. Kutaura zvazviri, ongororo dzakawanda dzakaedza izvi mumichina ye virtual uye dzakasimbisa kuti Mashandiro acho akanaka uye desktop inopindura zvakanaka.pasina kusvetuka-svetuka kwakajairika kunoitika dzimwe nguva pamakombiyuta ane zvinhu zvakawanda.
Uyezve, mifananidzo yeISO inoramba iri pasi pe2 GiB kune ese maeditions akajairwa, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kudhawunirodha nekuiendesa kuUSB drive. Zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa maturusi akaita seVentoy kana Etcher kugadzira Bootable USB drive inoenderana neBIOS neUEFIuye chengeta USB drive iyoyo nekuti Live session inosanganisira sarudzo yekudzoreredza system yataurwa pamusoro apa.
Kudhawunirodha, kusimbisa, uye kuchengetedza maISO
Asmi Linux inopa vashandisi mifananidzo yakawanda yemahara yeISO, yakadai seAsmi Linux 26.04 uye Asmi Linux 24.04.5 mubazi rayo reUbuntu. ISO yega yega ine ruzivo rwakadai sehukuru chaihwo muMiB, zuva rekuunganidza, uye referensi MD5 hashKunyangwe zvakadaro, chirongwa ichi chinonyanya kukoshesa kukosha kwekusimbisa kuvimbika uye kuvimbika kwemadownload.
Kuti uite izvi, mamwe mafaira maviri anowanikwa papeji rekurodha: sha256sum.txt uye sha256sum.txt.ascNzira inokurudzirwa ndeiyi:
- Dhawunirodha ISO kubva pane iyi link yepamutemo.
- Dhawunirodhawo mafaira echecksum nemasaini (uchiachengetedza kubva kubrowser kana akavhurwa mu tab itsva).
- Tevedzera mirairo kuti usimbise ISO ne sha256sum uye siginecha yeGPG inoenderana nayo.
Pfungwa yacho ndeyekudzivirira vanhu vechitatu vane hutsinye kuti vasaparadzire mifananidzo yenhema. Chirongwa ichi pachacho chinosimbisa kuti Mutoro mukuru wekusimbisa mufananidzo uri pamushandisi.Nenzira iyi chete ndipo panogona kuvimbiswa kuti zviri kuiswa ikopi yepamutemo yeAsmi Linux.
Mapurogiramu Ekupedzisira: Software yakajairika uye zvigadzikiso zvinowanzoitwa
Pamusoro pemakopi emahara, Asmi inopa makopi emahara anonzi Ultimate Edition, anowanikwa kumapazi akasiyana (semuenzaniso, Asmi 26.04 Ultimate, Asmi 13 Ultimate, kana Asmi 24.04 Ultimate). MaISO aya ane saizi inosvika 3 GB uye anouya aine software, yakagadzirirwa avo vanoda. sisitimu inoshanda zvizere kubva pakutanga pasina kuisa zvinhu zvakawanda.
Iyo Ultimate Edition inosanganisira mapurogiramu anozivikanwa ebasa rezuva nezuva nekuzorora, akadai se LibreOffice, VLC, OBS Studio, GIMP, Inkscape, Flameshot, Shutter kana Xournal++Mhando dzakagadzirirwa vashandisi vepamusoro dzinosanganisirawo maturusi akawanda emirairo: mosh, rclone, borgbackup, ffmpeg, fish, imagemagick nezvimwe zvakawanda.
Imwe mukana weUltimate Edition ndeye ISO refresh cycle. Panyaya yeAsmi 26.04 Ultimate, mifananidzo yakagadziriswa yakarongerwa kuburitswa mwedzi mitanhatu yega yega (Kukadzi naNyamavhuvhu), pamwe chete nekernel yazvino. firmware yakagadziridzwa uye yakagadziriswazve graphics stack kuvandudza rutsigiro rwehardware. Mubazi reDebian (rakadai seAsmi 13 Ultimate) maISO anovandudzwa mwedzi miviri kana mitatu yega yega, zvichitevera kumhanya kweDebian 13, saka kuiswa kutsva kunoda zvigadziriso zvishoma kuti zvidhawunirodhwe mushure mekutanga.
Iyo Calamares installer yezvinyorwa izvi inopawo kuchinjika kwakawanda: inosanganisira sarudzo yekuita kuisirwa kushoma mukati meISO Ultimate pachayoIzvi zvinokutendera kuti ushandise chishandiso chimwe chete kune system yakazara uye iri nyore. Uyezve, Asmi Settings inouya nezvimwe zvinhu, zvakaita sekuwedzera mashandiro, DNS provider switching, uye mamwe magadzirirwo esystem.
Zvipingamupinyi, software yepamutemo uye chirevo chekuramba
Chirongwa cheAsmi chinojekesa kuti kugoverwa Mahara, anopihwa "sezvaari", pasina vimbiso kana rutsigiro rwepamutemoIzvi zvinoreva kuti matambudziko api zvawo anokonzerwa nekushandiswa kana kushandiswa zvisirizvo kwechigadzirwa ibasa remushandisi, uye vanyori havazove nemhosva yekukuvadzwa.
Chimwe chinhu chekufunga nezvacho ndechekuti zvimwe zvezvishandiso zvakakosha zvechiitiko cheAsmi ndeizvi zvemunhu, kunyangwe zviri mahara kushandisaZvikuru sei, mapurogiramu akaita seAsmi Settings, Asmi Indicator, uye ChronShield haasi emahara. Kana mumwe munhu achida kuwana kodhi iyi kuti aibatanidze mumapurojekiti ake, anofanira kubata vagadziri kuti vakurukure nezvesarudzo dzemarezenisi nemitengo.
Pamusoro pezvinhu izvi, sisitimu inogona kusanganisira zvimwe zvinhu zvepachivande zvakaita se madhiraivha emifananidzo uye firmware (Muenzaniso chaiwo: madhiraivha eNVIDIA). Muzviitiko izvi, mitemo yekushandisa inotsanangurwa nemarezenisi epakeji yega yega. Kune vamwe vashandisi vane hunyanzwi hwema software emahara, kuvapo kwezvikamu izvi zvema closed-source kungave chikonzero chekuramba distro; vamwe vanoona sechibvumirano chakanaka chekupa ruzivo rwakanaka uye rwunoenderana.
Kazhinji, Asmi Linux inozviratidza sesarudzo inonakidza kune avo vanoda desktop yeXfce yemazuva ano uye yakareruka ine hwaro hwakavimbika senge Ubuntu kana Debian, ine zvimwe zvakaita sekugadzirisa system, centralized control panel, uye chiratidzo chakazara nemapfupi anobatsira; zvese izvi pasina kumanikidza mushandisi nesoftware isina basa uye kuvabvumira kusarudza pakati peyemahara minimalist edition kana Ultimate edition yakazara nemaapplication uye nguva nenguva kugadzirisa komputa kuti igadzirire kushanda kubva paminiti yekutanga.
